Child vaccination (or paediatric immunization) refers to the process of administering vaccines to infants and children to protect them from infectious diseases. Vaccines help stimulate the immune system to recognize and fight specific pathogens (bacteria or viruses) without causing the disease itself.

Vaccination is one of the most effective public health interventions, responsible for the dramatic reduction and eradication of diseases like smallpox, polio, measles, and diphtheria. Most childhood vaccines are given during the first few years of life, when children are most vulnerable.